YOUR CHILD’S HEALTH/BOWEL DISORDERS: PYLORIC STENOSIS
Pyloric stenosis is a condition which can affect young babies during their first few weeks of life. It occurs more commonly in boys than in girls. The outlet of the stomach into the intestine (the pylorus) is normally surrounded by a sphincter of muscle which prevents food from moving backwards. In babies with pyloric stenosis there is a thickening of this muscle and this causes a blockage.
Cause
The exact cause of pyloric stenosis is not known but it is thought to be influenced by genetic factors.
Clinical features
The classic sign of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, which is a very forceful throwing up of the contents of the stomach, and results from a build up of stomach contents which cannot pass on to the intestine. The baby may also fail to gain weight and may be constipated. The baby is usually restless and cries a lot. He may wish to feed immediately after vomiting because he is hungry. If not diagnosed early, the baby is at risk of becoming dehydrated. Occasionally a lump can be felt in the upper abdomen during feeding.
A barium meal is usually administered to confirm the diagnosis, although this may be unnecessary if the doctor can feel the lump.
Treatment
If there is a strong suspicion that your baby has pyloric stenosis, he will be admitted to hospital immediately for surgery. An operation will be performed to release the blockage by splitting the overgrown muscle fibres of the pylorus. This operation usually has no complications and the baby can be taken home after a few days.
When to see your doctor
See your doctor immediately if your baby has the symptoms described.
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